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Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes : ウィキペディア英語版
Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes

The Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes are Europe's largest and earliest neolithic mines, located close to Walloon village of Spiennes, southeast of Mons, Belgium.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Neolithic Flint Mines of Petit-Spiennes : Official web site )〕 The mines were active during the mid and late Neolithic (4300–2200 BC). The site and its surroundings were added to the UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 2000.
==Description==
The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites has included the mines since 2000 and describes them as "the largest and earliest concentration of ancient mines in Europe", citing the level of human technological development they demonstrate as justification for their inclusion.
The mines cover some of downland near Mons in Belgium and are interesting for showing the transition between opencast and underground mining for the flint nodules. The nodules were extracted using flint picks. The stones were then knapped into rough-out shapes of axes, and finally polished to achieve the final state.
The rough-outs were exchanged over a wide area, about , and were often polished at their destination. Polishing strengthens the final product, making the axe- or adze-head last longer. The smooth surface also aids the cutting action by lowering friction with the wood. The axes were used initially for forest clearance during the Neolithic period, and for shaping wood for structural applications, such as timber for huts and canoes.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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